Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is a sudden and severe condition where the kidneys stop working properly. Unlike chronic kidney disease (CKD), which develops gradually over time, AKI happens quickly and can be a serious emergency. This condition can lead to a build-up of toxins and waste products in the blood, dehydration, imbalances in electrolytes, and problems with the blood’s acid-base balance. The good news is that AKI can be reversible if it’s caught early and treated right away. Older cats are particularly at risk for developing AKI.
Recognizing the Signs of AKI
It’s crucial to watch for symptoms of AKI in your cat, as early detection can make a big difference in their recovery. Here are some signs to look out for:
- Sudden Loss of Appetite: If your cat stops eating and seems uninterested in food, it could be a red flag.
- Lethargy: A sudden drop in energy or playfulness can indicate that something’s wrong.
- Vomiting: Cats with AKI might vomit, and sometimes the vomit could contain blood.
- Diarrhea: Similar to vomiting, diarrhea in cats with AKI might also have blood in it.
- Strange Breath Odor: A noticeable change in your cat’s breath, such as a foul or chemical smell, can be a symptom.
- Ulcers: Open sores in the mouth or on the tongue can appear.
- Low Blood Pressure: This may not be visible at home, but it’s something a vet will check.
- Irregular Heart Rate: Your cat’s heart rate might be faster or slower than normal.
- Seizures: In severe cases, cats may experience seizures.
- Changes in Urination: Your cat might urinate more often than usual, or they might not urinate at all.
Sometimes, there may be a recent history of exposure to toxins, such as antifreeze, or recent trauma, surgery, or illness that could contribute to AKI. Many cats are in shock by the time they reach the vet’s office. During the physical exam, the veterinarian might find that the kidneys are enlarged and painful.
What to Do if You Suspect AKI
If you notice any of these symptoms in your cat, it’s crucial to get them to the vet as soon as possible. AKI is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. The vet will perform a series of tests and examinations to determine the extent of the kidney damage and begin treatment.
Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause of the kidney injury, providing supportive care such as fluids and medications, and monitoring your cat’s condition closely. With prompt treatment, many cats can recover from AKI and return to their normal selves.
In summary, while Acute Kidney Injury is a serious condition, early intervention and treatment can lead to a full recovery. Keeping an eye on your cat’s health and acting quickly if you notice any unusual symptoms can make all the difference.
